Some Common Defination About Computer

Common Definitions

1-       Information:-

Meaningful data is called information.

2-       Technology:-

Technology is the branch of knowledge dealing with engineering or applied science.

3-       What is computer?

Computer is an electronic machine which accepts the data through input devices and processes it with the help of C.P.U (Central Processing Unit) and finally gives us results through output device    It is derived from word ‘compute’ which means “to calculate.”

Define Computer Generations?

               First Generation Electronic Computers “Vacuum Tubes” (1946-1959 By John Mouchly)

                Second Generation “Transistors” (1959-1965 By William Shockley )

                Third Generation “Integrated Circuit” (1965-1973 By Jack Killby Robert)

                Fourth Generation “SSI-Small Scale Integration OR Micro-processor” (1973-1980 By Ted Hoff)

                Fifth Generation “Artificial Intelligence” (1980-Onwards By Japan Industry Of International Trade)

Sarfraz Ali Hisbani

FUNCTIONS/STEPS OF A COMPUTER:

INPUT

PROCESSING

OUTPUT

STORAGE

 

4-       What is meant by input?

Input means whatever data we feed “put” into the computer.

5-       What are the input devices?

Input devices are used to give the data to the computer.

Keyboard

Scanner

Mouse

Joystick

Microphone

 

6-       Keyboard:-

 The Keyboard is an input device. It is used to type or feed (put) the data into the computer.

There are six groups in the Keyboard:-

                                 i.            The Function Keys:-  (F1-F12)

                                ii.            The Alpha-numeric Keys: - (Characters and Numbers. Contains TAB, CAPS LOCK, BACK-SPACE, and Enter Keys.)

                              iii.            The Modifier Keys: -   (SHIFT, ALT (Alternate), and CTRL (Control).

                              iv.            The Numeric Keypad: - Contains digits from (0-9) and mathematical operators (+,-,*, and /). It also features a NUM LOCK Key.

                                v.            The Cursor-Movement Keys:-             (Arrow Keys, PAGE UP, PAGE DOWN,HOME, END)

                              vi.            The Special-Purpose Keys: -               (ESC (Escape), PrtScn (Print Screen), ScrLk (Scroll Lock), Pause, INSERT, DELETE, START (Windows Logo Key), and Shortcut Key).

7-       Mouse:-

The mouse is an input device that usually contains two buttons, Right button and Left       button. Mouse is used to move the icons, pictures, folders, soft wares and documents from one place to another and to open or close programs also.

9-    Scanner:-

A Scanner is an input device. Scanner is used to read or scan the information. We have one piece of paper into the computer. The information can be text or graphic.

10- Microphone:-

Microphone is an input device. It is used to give the verbal (voice) information into the         computer system.

11- Joystick:-

Joystick is the most popular input device that is used to play computer games.

12- What is meant by processing?

Processing means treating the data according to instructions.

13- C.P.U (Central Processing Unit):-

C.P.U stands for Central Processing Unit. It is a processing device. It is also called the brain of computer and controls the different devices. It reads the data and process the data.

       14- What is meant by output?

                Any information that has been processed and comes from computer or computer device is             considered as output.

       15- What are output devices?

                Output devices are used to get the result from the computer.

Monitor

                Example:

Printer

Speaker

 

              

                                                         

     16- Monitor:-

             A monitor is an output device. Monitor displays the information from the computer system.

     17- Printer:-

              Printer is an output device, that is used to print out the data on paper or printer is used to scan the data from hard copy to convert it into the form of soft copy.

     18- Speaker:-

                     Speaker is an output device. Speaker is used to transmit the sound from the computer to you. It  allows you to listen to music or sound on the computer.      

    19- What are the main parts of CPU?

            There are three main parts of a CPU (CU. Control Unit), (ALU. Arithmetic Logic Unit), (MU.  Memory Unit).

    20- What is C.U?

              CU is a section of CPU that directs the flow of electron traffic or instructions.

    21- What is ALU?

    Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) is the section of CPU that performs arithmetical and logical operations; it carries arithmetic operations like Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication and Division.

    22- What is M.U?

            MU (Memory Unit) is the storage where information, data and instructions are stored; the ability of storage is called memory.

CLASSIFICATION OF COMPUTER:-

Analog Computer

Hybrid Computer

Digital Computer

            A- Types of Computer:-

           

       

         Analog Computer:-

                Analog computer is used for measuring purpose.

                Example: Gas meter, Electric meter, stop watch, Thermometer, Speedometer.

          Digital Computer:-

                Digital computer represents physical quantities with the help of digits or numbers. These numbers are used to perform arithmetic calculation.

                Example: PC (Personal Computer), Calculator.

           Hybrid Computer:-

                Hybrid computer is the combination of Analog and Digital computer.

                Example:  Using at petrol pump.